This must be clearly defined in your contract, but the standard norm is:Tenant: Responsible for day-to-day upkeep, minor wear-and-tear (like changing lightbulbs), managing minor pests (ants and geckos are a normal part of tropical living), and airing out the villa to prevent mold.Landlord: Responsible for major structural repairs, plumbing failures, roof leaks, electrical faults, and repairing broken built-in appliances.